Este site dedica-se às aves e a relação com o Homem. O canto do Canário Timbrado, Canário Harz Roller, do canário Malinois e outros canários.. O objectivo de site é contar as aventuras e os arcos de descobertas relacionados com Homem e as aves. This site is dedicated to birds.singing canaries song,canaries,canaries de chant. carmelita=carmelo=jardim
14 de agosto de 2015
A blueprint for vocal learning: auditory predispositions from brains to genomes
Memorizing and producing complex strings of sound are requirements for spoken human language. We share these behaviours with likely more than 4000 species of songbirds, making birds our primary model for studying the cognitive basis of vocal learning and, more generally, an important model for how memories are encoded in the brain.
In songbirds, as in humans, the sounds that a juvenile learns later in life depend on auditory memories formed early in development. Experiments on a wide variety of songbird species suggest that the formation and lability of these auditory memories, in turn, depend on auditory predispositions that stimulate learning when a juvenile hears relevant, species-typical sounds.
We review evidence that variation in key features of these auditory predispositions are determined by variation in genes underlying the development of the auditory system.
We argue that increased investigation of the neuronal basis of auditory predispositions expressed early in life in combination with modern comparative genomic approaches may provide insights into the evolution of vocal learning.
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in Biology letters