Ornithology meaning

Ornithology (from the Greek ornis = bird and logos = word/science) is the branch of zoology concerned with the scientific study of birds. Several aspects of the study of ornithology differ from closely related disciplines, perhaps because of the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds. Most marked among these is the extent of field studies undertaken by amateur volunteers working within the parameters of strict scientific methodology.



The areas of study that are included under ornithology are numerous and no list can attempt to be exhaustive. The following is a broad classification of some of the fields within contemporary ornithology.

Field Ornithology
Ecological studies
Studies of individuals
Studies of populations
Studies of communities
Behavioral studies
Laboratory Ornithology
Physiological studies
Genetic studies

The techniques used in ornithology are varied and changing. Early ornithological studies were based on specimen shooting and skins. Ornithology has subsequently become largely observation based.

Optical instruments have been very important in ornithology; however approaches such as the use of radar and radio tracking are also used. Use of ringing and other marking techniques have helped in studies of migration and behavior.

Birds have served as important model organisms in the evolution of modern biological ideas.
Key ideas include that of speciation, as noted by Charles Darwin from his observation of the finches on the Galapagos Islands.

The first attempt to formally define the concept of biological species was also developed using birds as model organisms by Ernst Mayr. B
irds have also been the subject of numerous evolutionary studies that have helped in understanding the plasticity of species and the limitations of attempts to define species.

Many advances in ecology have also been made based on the study of birds. These include theories of island biogeography, models of extinction and species-area relationships.

Birds have also served as models for behavioural studies including studies of mate selection, territoriality, foraging behaviour and parental investment. Other aspects of special interest include their ability to navigate in migrations.